Flashcards in L1-L4 Deck (59)
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1
What would be the direction of the lumbar curve based on osseous features?
anterior (lordotic)
2
What accounts for the direction of the lumbar curve?
the vertebral body and intervertebral disc have a greater anterior height than posterior height
3
What is the effect of aging on the vertebral body of a lumbar?
decrease in height, increase in circumference
4
How many fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint surfaces are on a typical lumbar vertebral body?
four
5
How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typically lumbar?
six
6
How many synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical lumbar?
none
7
How many cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis joint surfaces are on a typical lumbar vertebral body?
two
8
How many fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint surfaces are on a typical lumbar vertebral body?
four
9
What muscles may attach to the first lumbar vertebral body?
psoas major and psoas minor
10
What muscle(s) may attach from the second down to the fourth lumbar vertebral body?
psoas major
11
Psoas minor will only attach to the vertebral body of which segments?
T12, L1
12
What is the name given to ligaments that attach the vertebral body to articular process?
transforaminal ligaments
13
What ligaments attach the vertebral body to the transverse process?
corporotransverse ligaments
14
What corporotranverse ligaments are identified?
superior corporotransverse and inferior corporotransverse ligaments
15
What are the types of Hofmann ligaments?
anterior Hofmann ligaments, posterior Hofmann ligaments, lateral Hofmann ligaments and proximal root sleeve ligaments
16
Hofmann ligaments are identified in which regions along the vertebral column?
cervical - upper thoracic region and lumbar region
17
Cervical - upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together?
dura mater to segments above
18
What is the highest level known to demonstrate Hofmann ligaments?
C6
19
What is the proposed function of the cervical - upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments?
resist caudal movement of the dural sac; resist gravitational forces on the dura and cord
20
Lumbar Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together?
dura mater to lower segmental levels
21
What is the proposed function of the lumbar Hofmann ligaments?
resist cranial movement of the dural sac during flexion
22
What is the proposed function of the proximal root sleeve ligament?
resist displacement of the peripheral nerve system in the intervertebral foramen
23
What is the orientation of the pedicle of a typical lumbar?
posterior
24
The pedicle attaches at what location on vertebral body of a typical lumbar?
to the upper third or half of the vertebral body
25
What ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical lumbar?
ligamentum flavum
26
What joint classification will be associated with the ligamentum flavum attachment?
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint
27
What osseous conditions of lumbar vertebrae facilitate a spinal tap in this region?
overlap of the lamina, shingling, diminishes; overlap of spinous processes, imbrication, diminishes
28
What is the outline of the vertebral foramen of a typical lumbar vertebra?
triangular
29
Which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of typical lumbars?
transverse
30
