CVS Session 1- Histology Of The CVS Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in CVS Session 1- Histology Of The CVS Deck (17)
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0
Q

What does the pulmonary trunk arise from and what does it bifurcate into?

A

It arises from the R ventricle.

Bifurcated into the L and R pulmonary arteries.

1
Q

Where does the aorta arise from and what does it bifurcate into (L-R)?

A

Arises from the left ventricle.

Bifurcated into the left subclavian, common carotid and brachiocephalic arteries.

2
Q

What is the course of blood flow, from the heart, in terms of vessels?

A

Heart, arteries, arterioles, metarterioles, capillaries, post-capillary venules, venules, veins, heart

3
Q

Why can metarterioles act as pre-capillary sphincters?

A

Because their muscle layer isn’t continuous.

4
Q

What is the advantage of slow blood flow in the capillaries?

A

Allows maximum gas exchange via diffusion between capillaries and tissues.

5
Q

What structure in vessels means that blood return to the heart is aided?

A

Valves- prevent retrograde blood flow.

6
Q

How do veins structurally differ from arteries? (2)

A
  • they have larger lumen

- they have thinner walls

7
Q

What are the four layers of vessels (in to out)?

A
  • lumen
  • tunica intima
  • tunica media
  • tunica adventitia
8
Q

What are vasa vasorum and where are they found?

A

They are a blood supply to large vessels.
They are necessary as large vessels have such thick walls that they require their own blood supply to ensure that they receive adequate nutrients.

9
Q

What are venae comitantes and what do they do?

A

They are deep paired veins either side of a small artery.
The three vessels are wrapped together in the same sheath.
Pulsing of the artery aids venous return to the heart.

10
Q

What are end arteries?

What happens if they are occluded?

A

They are a terminal/sole arterial supply to a tissue/organ.

If they are occluded, there is an insufficient blood supply to the dependant tissue.

11
Q

Give an example of an end artery and what it supplies.

A

The coronary arteries.

Supply to the heart.

12
Q

What are sinusoids?

Where are they found?

A

Capillaries with a larger diameter and therefore slower blood flow than normal capillaries.
Liver, spleen and bone marrow.

13
Q

What are pericytes, where are they found, and what are they capable of doing?

A

They are cells that are found on the outer surface of capillaries.
They are capable of dividing into muscle cells/fibroblasts during angiogenesis, tumour growth and wound healing.

14
Q

Where does the right atrium receive blood from? (3)

A

Superior and inferior vena cavae

Coronary sulcus

15
Q

Which two valves are located posterior to the sternum?

Which intercostal spaces are they found in?

A

Tricuspid valve- 4th and 5th

Mitral valve- 4th costal cartilage

16
Q

Which two valves lie to the left of the sternum and which levels of intercostal space are they found at?

A

Pulmonary valve- 2nd

Aortic valve- 3rd

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