M&R Session 9- Pharmacokinetics Of Drug Administration Flashcards Preview

SOPHIE'S ESA 2 > M&R Session 9- Pharmacokinetics Of Drug Administration > Flashcards

Flashcards in M&R Session 9- Pharmacokinetics Of Drug Administration Deck (15)
Loading flashcards...
0
Q

During drug administration, when will a steady state be reached?

A

After 5 half lives of the drug.

1
Q

What is the advantage of parental administration?

A

Concentrates the drug at the site of action and therefore reduces systemic absorption and unwanted side effects.

2
Q

What is needed if an immediate effect of the drug is needed?

A

A loading dose.

3
Q

What 3 things do you need to consider when getting a drug into a patient (pharmaceutical process)?

A
  • the formulation of the drug- tablet or liquid
  • compliance of the drug
  • the site of administration.
4
Q

What is oral bioavailability and what is it expressed as?

A

It is the proportion of an oral dose of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation unchanged.
Amount and rate.

5
Q

What is the therapeutic ratio?

A

The maximum tolerated dose/the minimum effective dose.

6
Q

What is first pass metabolism?

A

The phenomenon that drugs taken orally will travel from the gut to the liver where they could be prematurely metabolised before reaching the systemic circulation.

7
Q

How is first pass metabolism avoided?

A

Giving a drug via a parenteral, sublingual or rectal route.

8
Q

What is 1st order kinetics?

A

When the rate of elimination of the drug is proportional to the drug level.

9
Q

What is zero order kinetics?

A

When the rate of drug elimination is constant.

10
Q

How are drugs metabolised in the liver?

A

Phase I- the drug is made more active by oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis by an enzyme system- cytochrome P450.
Phase II- this reactive intermediate is conjugated with a polar molecule through glucaronidation or sulphate conjugation to make the drug water soluble and inactive.

11
Q

When is the fact the enzymes are inducible and inhibitable important?

A
  • when the drug has a low therapeutic ratio
  • when the drug is being used at its minimum effective concentration
  • when the drug metabolism is of zero order kinetics
12
Q

Which drugs are excreted by the kidney?

A

Ionised

Lipid insoluble

13
Q

What is the volume of distribution of a drug?

A

The theoretical volume into which a drug has distributed if this occurred instantaneously.

14
Q

When do drugs exert an effect?

A

When they are free/unbound.

Decks in SOPHIE'S ESA 2 Class (74):