MSK Session 2- The Axilla Region Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in MSK Session 2- The Axilla Region Deck (25)
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0
Q

What is the purpose for the axilla?

A

It is a passageway for neurovascular structures between the upper limb and the thorax.

1
Q

Where is the axilla located?

A

Inferior to the glenohumeral joint.

2
Q

What happens to the size and vulnerability of the axilla as abduction increases?

A

The size of the axilla decreases, but it becomes more exposed and vulnerable.

3
Q

What forms the apex border? (3)

A

The inferior portion of the clavicle
The superior scapula
The lateral border of the 1st rib

4
Q

What forms the base border? (2)

A

Axillary fascia and skin of the armpit

5
Q

What forms the anterior border? (2)

A

Pectoralis major

Pectoralis minor

6
Q

What forms the posterior border? (3)

A

Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Subscapularis

7
Q

What forms the medial border? (3)

A

Serratus anterior
Intercostal muscles
Ribs

8
Q

What forms the lateral border?

A

Intertubercular groove of the humerus.

9
Q

What are the four content of the axilla?

A

Brachial plexus
Axillary artery
Axillary vein
Axillary lymph nodes

10
Q

What is the axillary artery a continuation of and what does it become? (Indicate when these changes occur)

A

It is a continuation of the subclavian artery.
Becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib.
It becomes the brachial artery at the inferior border of teres major.

11
Q

What are the two main tributaries of the axillary vein?

A

The basilic and cephalic veins

12
Q

What is axillary node enlargement an indicator of?

A

Breast cancer.

13
Q

What is axillary clearance and why is it performed?

A

It is removal of the axillary lymph nodes.

It is performed in some patients diagnosed with breast cancer because 75% of Breast Lymph drains into axillary lymph.

14
Q

What may be injured during axillary clearance and what can this lead to?

A

The long thoracic nerve

Winged scapula

15
Q

Which cord does the superior trunk give rise to in the brachial plexus?

A

The lateral cord

16
Q

Which cord does the middle trunk give rise to?

A

Posterior cord

17
Q

Which cord does the inferior trunk give rise to?

A

Medial cord

18
Q

Which cord does the musculocutaneous nerve arise from?

A

Lateral

19
Q

Which cords does the median nerve arise from?

A

The lateral and medial cords.

20
Q

Which cord does the axillary nerve arise from?

A

Posterior cord

21
Q

Which cord does the radial nerve arise from?

A

Posterior

22
Q

Which cord does the ulnar nerve arise from?

A

Medial cord

23
Q

Which three nerves of the brachial plexus form an ‘M’ and which structure do they form it around?

A

Musculocutaneous, median and ulnar nerves

Around the brachial artery.

24
Q

What is lymphagitis?

A

It is inflammation and infection of the lymphatic channels due to streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep.)

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