M+R Session 10- The ANS Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in M+R Session 10- The ANS Deck (22)
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1
Q

What is the origin of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Thoraco-lumbar

2
Q

What is the origin of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Cranio-sacral

3
Q

What is the neurotransmitter present at all preganglionic neurones?

A

Acetylcholine

4
Q

What is the neurotransmitter present at the postganglionic neurone at each nervous system?

A

Sympathetic- noradrenaline

Parasympathetic- acetylcholine

5
Q

What is the sympathetic postganglionic neurones neurotransmitter in adrenal glands?

A

Chromaffin cells

6
Q

What are the receptors that act on the heart? (2)

A

Beta 1 and M2

7
Q

What are the receptors that are found in vascular smooth muscle?

A

Alpha 1 and M3

8
Q

What are the receptors found at the lungs?

A

Beta 2 and M3

9
Q

Which enzyme is required for the production of acetylcholine?

A

Choline acetyl transferase (CHAT)

10
Q

What is the enzyme required for the breakdown of acetylcholine?

A

Acetylcholinesterase

11
Q

Why are unwanted side effects a result of muscarinic receptor activation?

A

Because agents that bind to these receptors are not selective towards them.

12
Q

Which step of noradrenaline synthesis occurs in the vesicles in the preganglionic neurone?

A

Dopamine-> noradrenaline via dopamine beta hydroxylase enzyme.

13
Q

What do Chromaffin cells release?

A

Adrenaline, into the bloodstream

14
Q

Where are noradrenaline containing vesicles found in the preganglionic neurone?

A

Varicosities

15
Q

How is noradrenaline removed from the synaptic cleft?

A

Via a reuptake system:

  • uptake 1- NA is taken up into the pre-synaptic terminal by a sodium dependent transporter.
  • uptake 2- any remaining NA is taken up by a lower affinity mechanism.
16
Q

What happens to NA once it has been taken back up into the presynaptic neurone? (2)

A
  • it is repackaged for release again

- it is metabolised by the enzyme Monoamine oxidase

17
Q

What is NA and ACh release regulated by?

A

Calcium mediated endocytosis

18
Q

Give an example of a nicotinic cholinoceptor antagonist

A

Tubocurarine

19
Q

Give an example of a muscarinic cholinoceptor agonist and what it treats?

A

Pilocarpine

Glaucoma

20
Q

Give an example of a muscarinic cholinoceptor antagonist and what it treats?

A

Ipratropium

Treat bronchoconstriction in asthmatics

21
Q

What does a cholinesterase inhibitor do?

A

Prolongs the time that ACh is in post ganglionic neurone receptors by preventing acteylcholinesterase from removing ACh.

22
Q

What are the two divisions of the ANS?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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