Friday Wk 5 Mixed 3 Flashcards

1
Q

majority of alveolar surface is __ pneumocytes
type 2 pneumocytes secrete __ and proliferate in response to injury

By 1, baby should /
can _ w fingers
say words other than /
has __ anx and follows commands

by 18m, child should run and _ ball
can build __ and remove clothes
around __ words and 1+ body parts
understands __ and begins pretend play

2yrs should walk up/down _ w both feet
can J_ and use utensils
more than __ words w 2word phrases
follow 2 step __ and begin toilet training

3yrs can use steps/trike __
copy a __
use __ word sentences, knows age/gender

4yrs can balance/hop on _
copy a _ and identify color
can play C__

by 5 can S and catch ball
copy a __ and tie shoelaces
has __ and completes toilet training

A

Type 1
surfactant

stand/walk
grasp
mama/dada
separation

kick
tower
25
mine

stairs
jump
50
commands

normal
circle
3

one foot
cross
cooperatively

skip
square
friends

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2
Q

use low dose __ to prevent ischemic stroke
impairs __ aggregation by dec TXA2
also impairs GI mucosal __ thus prevent ulcer w PPI

RF for cervical cancer: HPV, I__ and STI, early sex activity, multiple __, OCP use, low SES and T__
lack of __ can allow HPV to persist

Pancoast tumors are usually NSCLC like S/A
can compress __ w arm pain/paresthesias/weakness
lead to _ due to denervation of superior tarsal muscle
M__ due to loss of dilator pupillae
A_ due to loss symp innervation to sweat glands

First order SNS neurons in _
synapse at C8-T2 segments in __ column
follow anterior nerve roots/White connecting rami to 3rd order neurons in __
travel via __ to reach face/head

A

aspirin
platelet
protection

immunosuppression, partners
tobacco
T cell fxn

SCC, adenocarcinoma
brachial plexus
ptosis
miosis
anhidrosis

hypothalamus
Lateral
cervical ganglion
carotid arteries

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3
Q

lesion of __ leads to crossed signs and CN abnorms
spinal cord lesion leads to __ paresis and sensory loss beow

w dec LV ES volume, higher __ has occurred

Mean arterial pressure is 2/3_ + 1/3 __

RAS leads to _ downstream activation
IP3 acts on __ to inc intracellular calcium

fluid filled cavity in liver is \_\_
usually \_\_ in US, can be parasitic
may be from biliary tract infection like A\_\_
portal vein pyemia from _/_
hepatic artery w systemic \_\_ seeding
direct invasion from nearby \_\_
penetrating \_\_
A

brain stem
spastic

EF

diastole, systole

MAPK
Endoplasmic reticulum

abscess
bacterial
ascending cholangitis
bowel/peritoneum
hematogenous
source
trauma
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4
Q

maternal insulin __ inc in 2/3trimesters
due to __ released by synctiotrophoblast
inc in __ that can go to fetus
also inc __ to provide mother w energy
also release __ and if cannot
overcome preg related insulin resistance, mom has gestational diabetes
thus, screen in __ trimester w oral glucose challenge

peroneus / needed to evert foot

Familial __ syndrome due to LPL/ApoC2 def
LPL cleaves / after released from heparan sulfate on endothelium
admin __ causes release of LPL
if inactive, pt cannot clear _ and has high TG
see acute __ and lipema retinalis, w eruptive xanthomas
no inc risk for __

pt w LDL/apoB100 def has _
inc __ leads to premature CAD and corneal arcus, tendon xanthoma/xanthelasma

apoE def is familial __ w premature CAD and PVD
may have X__

Familial hyperTG has def __
inc __ w panc risk

A
resistance
hPL
glucose
lipolysis
insulin
3rd

longus, brevus

chylomicronemia
chylomicrons/VLDL
heparin

chylomicrons

pancreatitis
CAD

Familial hypercholesterolemia
LDL

dyslipidemia
xathnomas

apoA-V
VLDL

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5
Q

use acetazolamide for G/M

1st aortic arch forms first aortic arch that __ and maxillary artery
__ nerve
2nd aortic arch gives rise to __ and stapedial artery (both regress)
__ nerve
3rd aortic arch gives rise to __/__ arteries
also assc w __ nerve
4th aortic arch forms true __ and subclavian artery
__ nerve
6th aortic arch gives rise to /
__ nerve

HBsAg appears before __
then HBeAg and HBV DNA are __
anti-HBcAg IgM forms as __ start
then anti-HBeAg and antiHBsAG __ develop for resolution

Famialial hypercholesterolemia is inherited __

A

regresses
trigeminal

2nd aortic arch
facial
Common carotid, internal carotid
CN 9
true aortic arch
superior laryngeal vagus
PA/ductus arteriosus
recurrent laryngeal nerve

sx
detectable
sx
IgG

AD

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6
Q

Southern blot extracts RNA and performs restriction __ digestion into fragments
__ separates by size of fragments
use __ to identify target

__ seizure occurs in kids brief jerking of both extremeties
conciousness is __
tx w _ anticonvulsant

benign essential tremor is rhythmic hand tremor that occurs __ in middle aged indiv

MCC of candida vaginitis is __ use

Hb Gower begins early in conception w 2 / chains
then fetal liver produces HbF w __/__ chains
Beta thal is due to dec synthesis of __ chains
can be minor/major, but will present normal until loss of __

ether degrades __ viruses

A

endonuclease
electophoresis
ssDNA probe

myoclonic
preserved
broad spectrum

bilaterally

antibiotic

zeta, epsilon
alpha, gamma
beta
HbF

enveloped

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7
Q

B pertussis __ AC via Gi ADP ribosylation
Cholera __ AC via Gs ADP ribosylation

PCOS has _ LH, __ insulin/resistance, __ estrogens/androgens
sx include H/A/A, menstrual probs, polycystic ovaries, DM
tx w weight loss and __ and metformin
must minimize endometrial __ from inc estrogen
use C__ for pts that want to become pregnant, as this ER modulator dec estrogen neg feedback

M__ is 11B hydroxylase inhib that blocks synthesis of cortisol

Herpes virus buds through __ to obtain bilayer envelope

A

disinhibits
stimulates

inc, inc, inc
hirsutism, acne, alopecia
OCP

Clomiphene

Metyrapone

nuclear membrane

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8
Q

chordae tendinae attached to LV wall via AL/PM __ muscles
disruption leads to __ and pulm edema
AL papillary muscle has dual blood supply from __/__ artery
PM papillary muscle only has blood supply from __
thus, PM muscle is more likely to become __ and rupture

use __ analysis to estimate carrier status
p+q=1 is __ freq
p2+2pq+q2=1 is __ freq
mutant allele freq from disease prevalence is square root of __

PTH acts via __ GPCR pathway to stimulate OB
this releases RANKL and _ for OC differentation
also dec release of __ which is decoy for RANKL

A
papillary
acute mitral regurg
LCX/LAD
PDA
ischemic

HW
allele
phenotypic
disease prevalence

cAMP
MCSF
OPG

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9
Q

E__ is fusion of TNFa receptor to Fc component of IgG1
thus, acts as __ receptor for use in RA after MTX

Nib indicates __ inhib
Cept indicates __ molecule

BRCA1/2 needed for repair of __ breaks
HER2 is __ mutation
BRAF assc w H/M

CYTOKERATIN USED AS MARKER FOR __ derived tumors
forms keratin containing intermediate filaments
lots of alanine/glycine aid in __ bond formation
lots of cysteine allows for __
HER2 leads to epithelial __/__

A

etanercept
decoy

kinase
receptor

dsDNA
acquired
HCL/melanoma
growth/proliferation

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10
Q

apoptosis degrades own DNA/proteins, but __ is intact, thus no inflam occurs
Intrinsic pathway has mito become permeable to __ proteins
w stress, BCL2/Bclx dowregulated, as //_ upreglated
inc permeability to caspase activating substances like __

extrinsic pathway uses __/__ aka CD95 receptors
cross linking forms site for __ which brings caspase, that is eventually activated

in either pathway, caspases then cleave cell proteins and activate __

can use F/C in thymidine kinase herpes infect
Foscarnet is __ analog that inhibs RNA/DNA poly and RT
Cidofovir is __ analogue of CMP
converted to active form by __ kinases

T__ is Nucleotide RTI
L/Z only need cell kinases as well

A

CM
proapoptotic
Bax/Bak/Bim
cytochrome c

TNF1, FAD
FADD

DNAses

foscarnet, cidofovir
pyrophosphate
nucleotide
cellular

tenofovir
lamivuine, zidovudine

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