Flashcards in Blood Loss and Transfusion Products Deck (95)
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1
The use of supportive therapies in patients to correct deficiencies until the underlying cause or disease process can be treated is that goal in what?
Transfusion or substitute treatment
2
What are 6 concerns with transfusions?
- Volume overload
- Electrolyte disturbances
- Immunogenicity
- Availability
- Cost
- Transmission of infection
3
What are 3 things to known going into a case of acute blood loss?
- PCV/TP (taken right before anesthesia)
- Anticipated losses
- Patient's total blood volume
4
Why is it important to know 20% blood loss?
Why is this number important?
- A loss of > or = 20% leads to a decrease in PCV to > or = 20%
- Oxygen carrying capacity
5
What is the minimum PCV value needed in order to carry oxygen?
what should be considered below this level?
- 21%
- Blood transfusion
6
Cotton tip applicators can hold how much blood?
0.2 mL
7
Gauze can hold about how much blood?
5-10 mL
8
Lab sponges can hold about how much blood?
50-100 mL
9
What is the best method to measure blood loss in gauze?
Weigh gauze before and after use.
10
How much blood can tubing hold?
About 120 mL
11
What are 4 examples of physiological signs that can indicate blood loss?
- Hypotension
- Tachycardia
- Baroreceptor reflex
- Pale mm, prolonged CRT
12
Blood volume is centralized during shock due to what?
Peripheral vasoconstriction
13
Injectable drugs and inhalants will have a more profound effect on patients in what state?
Shock
14
What does hemorrhage increase?
MAC
15
What does mean arterial pressure (MAP) equal?
CO x SVR
16
To restore circulating volume before signs occur is the goal of what?
A blood loss plan
17
What does cardiac output equal?
HR x SV
18
What are 3 volume replacement options?
- Crystalloid
- Colloid
- Blood products
19
What type of fluid is given with anything less than a 10% loss?
Crystalloid
20
Which has a longer shelf-life, a crystalloid or a colloid?
Colloid
21
What does BES stand for?
Balanced electrolyte solution
22
Crystalloid fluid therapy results in what?
How long does this last?
- Temporary increase in intravascular volume.
- About 15 minutes
23
What are 2 components missing from crystalloid fluid therapy?
- Proteins
- Oxygen carrying capacity
24
What are 3 effects of Hypertonic saline?
- Increase CO
- Increase ABP
- Decrease SVR
25
What are 2 fluid volumes increased by hypertonic saline?
What is the ratio?
- Plasma
- Interstitial fluid
- 2-4 mL plasma increase/1 mL hypertonic saline
26
What are 2 things improved by hypertonic saline use?
- Cardiovascular function
- Tissue perfusion
27
Are the effects of hypertonic saline short or long?
Short term
28
The use of hypertonic saline must be followed by what?
BES to avoid ICF deficit
29
What effect do large molecular weight molecules have on vascular volume?
Expands vascular volume
30
