Flashcards in Local Anesthetic Agents Deck (74)
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1
The reversible block of the generation and propagation of the action potential in neural tissue is known as what?
Local anesthetic
2
Transient loss of what 3 functions can be seen with local anesthetics?
- Sensory
- Motor
- Autonomic
3
Local anesthetics target what?
Axons of A and C fibers (sensory nerves)
4
Which are more prone to hydrolysis, amide or ester links?
Ester
5
Which have a shorter duration of action, anesthetics with amide or ester links?
Ester
6
What are 4 examples of local anesthetics with esters?
- Cocaine
- Procaine
- Tetracaine
- Benzocaine
7
What are 6 examples of local anesthetics with amides?
- Lidocaine
- Prilocaine
- Mepivacaine
- Bupivacaine
- Ropivacaine
- Levo-bupivacaine
8
Where do local anesthetics act?
Site of injection.
9
Slow absorption into systemic circulation is usually desired with what?
Local anesthetics
10
What are 3 factors increasing systemic absorption?
- High dosage
- Increased blood flow at site of injection
- Vasodilation
11
Which remains at the receptor site longer, the cationic or non-charged form?
Cationic
12
Which is able to rapidly penetrate membranes, the cationic or non-charged form?
Non-charged
13
What effect does pka have on onset?
- High pka has slow onset.
- Low pka has fast onset
14
Which has a faster onset, procaine or lidocaine?
Lidocaine
15
Which has a faster onset, lidocaine or mepivacaine?
Mepivacaine
16
Which local anesthetic has the slowest onset?
Procaine
17
Which has a faster onset, mepivacaine or bupivacaine?
Mepivacaine
18
An infection can have what effect on the internal environment?
Make it acidic.
19
Increased protein binding has what effect on duration of action?
Increased duration
20
Which has a higher percentage of protein binding, procaine or lidocaine?
Lidocaine
21
Which has a higher percentage of protein binding, lidocaine or mepivacaine?
Mepivacaine
22
Which has a higher percentage of protein binding, mepivacaine or bupivacaine?
Bupivacaine
23
How is lipid solubility related to potency?
Positively
24
What effect does lipid solubility have on onset and duration?
Slower onset and longer duration
25
How does perfusion affect systemic absorption?
Highly perfused area leads to faster systemic absorption.
26
What are 2 examples of highly perfused areas?
- Mucus membranes
- Intercostal muscles
27
What are 3 examples of poorly perfused areas?
- Tendons
- Dermis
- Fat
28
What are 2 examples of vasoconstrictors?
- Epinephrine
- Phenylephrine
29
What can lead to reduced blood perfusion?
By how much?
- Vasoconstrictors
- 30%
30
