Flashcards in Contraception - Progesterone Only Deck (53)
1
What does progesterone only hormonal contraception use?
The female steroid hormone progesterone
2
What is the failure rate of progesterone only contraceptives with perfect use?
0.3%
3
What is the typical failure rate of progesterone only contraceptives?
9%
4
What are the different types of progesterone only contraceptives?
- Pill (POCP)
- Implant
- Injection
5
What are the types of POCP currently available in the UK?
- Femulen
- Norgeston
- Noriday
- Micronor
- Cerazette
6
What is the primary mechanism of action of POCP?
Thicken cervical mucus due to high levels of progesterone, which prevents the entry of sperm and therefore fertilisation of the oocyte
7
What are the secondary mechanisms of POCP?
- Suppression of ovulation (to varying degrees)
- Thinning of endometrium, inhibiting implantation
8
What does the degree to which the POCP suppresses ovulation vary based on?
The form of progesterone given
9
What are the advantages of the POCP?
- More effective than barrier methods when taken correctly
- Sex doesn't need to be interrupted to use contraception
- Can be used in many patients for whom the COCP is contraindicated
- May reduce risk of endometrial cancer
10
What are the disadvantages of the POCP?
- User dependant, and has to be taken at same time every day
- Can produce irregular menstruation or amenorrhoea
- Some adverse effects
- Increased risk of ovarian cysts
- Small increased risk of breast cancer
11
What proportion of women taking the POCP experience irregular mensuration?
4 in 10
12
What proportion of women taking the POCP experience amenorrhoea?
2 in 10
13
What are the adverse effects of POCP?
- Headaches
- Breast tenderness
- Skin changes
14
By how much does POCP increase risk of ovarian cysts?
30%
15
What are the contraindications to POCP?
- Current or past history of breast cancer
- Liver cirrhosis or tumours
- Stroke or coronary heart disease
16
In whom does the POCP have a lower efficacy?
Women over 70kg
17
What is the brand name for the progesterone only implant linseed for use in the UK?
Nexplanon
18
What is the progesterone only implant?
A small, flexible tube about 40mm long that is inserted into the upper arm
19
What does the progesterone only implant contain?
68mg steroidal progestin
20
How long does the progesterone only implant last?
3 years
21
What is the failure rate of the progesterone only implant with perfect use?
0.05%
22
What is the typical failure rate of the progesterone only implant?
0.05%
23
What is the main mechanism of action of the progesterone only implant?
Inhibition of ovulation
24
What are the additional mechanisms of action of the progesterone only implant?
- Causes thinking of cervical mucus, which inhibits the passage of sperm
- Causes thinning of endometrium, preventing implantation if the egg were fertilised
25
What are the advantages of the progesterone only implant?
- Extremely effective
- Can be used in some women for whom the COCP is contraindicated
- Users don't have to think about contraception for 3 years
- Can be used when breastfeeding
- Normal fertility returns as soon as implant is removed
- Effective in woman of all BMIs
- May reduce risk of endometrial cancer
26
What is recommended in women using the progesterone only implant with a high BMI?
Earlier replacement
27
What are the disadvantages of the progesterone only implant?
- About 50% of women experience changes in menstrual bleeding
- Fitting and removing the implant may cause pain, bruising, and irritation
- Small increased risk of breast cancer
- Implant can break or bend in situ
28
Are bleeding patterns likely to remain irregular if a woman with the progesterone only implant experiences changes in menstrual bleeding?
Yes
29
What are the contraindications to the progesterone only implant?
- Pregnancy
- Unexplained vaginal bleeding
- Liver cirrhosis or tumours
- History of breast cancer
- Stroke or transient ischaemic attacks whilst using implant
30
What is the progesterone only injectable contraceptive?
A long lasting contraception where synthetic progesterone is slowly release into the systemic circulation
31
How does the progesterone only injectable contraceptive administered?
IM or IV
32
What are the currently available progesterone only injectable contraceptive in the UK?
- Depo-Provera
- SAYANA PRESS
- Noristerat
33
What is the most commonly used progesterone only injectable contraceptive in the UK?
Depo-Provera
34
Is Depo-Provera licensed for long-term use?
Yes
35
How often is Depo-Provera given?
Every 12 weeks
36
How is Depo-Provera administered?
IM injection
37
Is SAYANA PRESS licensed for long-term use?
Yes
38
How often is SAYANA PRESS given?
Every 13 weeks
39
Is Noristerat licensed for long term use?
No, only 2 sets of injections
40
How often is Noristerat given?
Every 8 weeks
41
How is Noristerat administered?
Deep IM injection
42
What is the failure rate of the progesterone only injectable contraceptive with perfect use?
0.2%
43
What is the typical failure rate of the progesterone only injectable contraceptive?
6%
44
What is the mechanism of action of progesterone only injectable contraceptive?
- Inhibition of ovulation
- Thickening of cervical mucus
- Thinning of endometrium, making it unfavourable for implantation if fertilisation was to occur
45
What are the advantages of progesterone only injectable contraceptive?
- Very effective
- Users don't have to think about contraception for as long as the injection lasts
- No known interactions with any drugs
- Can be used when hormonal contraceptives are not recommended, such as in women with migraine or who are breastfeeding
- Can be used in women <35
- May reduce risk of endometrial cancer
46
What are the disadvantages of progesterone only injectable contraceptive?
- Not rapidly reversible
- Up to 50% of women stop using within a year
- Increase in body weight
- May be slightly increased risk of breast cancer
- Loss of bone mineral density with long-term use
47
How long does it take for fertility to return with progesterone only injectable contraceptive?
Up to a year
48
How long does it take for menstruation to return to normal with progesterone only injectable contraceptive?
Several months
49
Why do 50% of women stop using the progesterone only injectable contraceptive within a year?
Due to altered bleeding patterns, including persistent bleeding
50
How much can body weight increase with progesterone only injectable contraceptive?
2-3kg/year
51
What constitutes long term use with progesterone only injectable contraceptive?
Over a year
52
Does the loss of bone mineral density with progesterone only injectable contraceptive increase the risk of fracture?
No evidence for this
53