Intracranial Haemorrhage Flashcards Preview

Neurology > Intracranial Haemorrhage > Flashcards

Flashcards in Intracranial Haemorrhage Deck (15)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What are the causes of traumatic intracranial haemorrhage?

A

Extradural haemorrhage
Subdural haematoma
Traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage
Intra-parenchymal contusions

2
Q

What are the non traumatic intracranial haemorrhage?

A

Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Intracerebral haemorrhage
Vascular malformations

3
Q

What are the causes of subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A
Aneurysm 
Trauma 
Vasculitis 
Carotid/vertebral artery dissection 
Arteriovenous malformations
4
Q

What are the risk factors associated with aneurysmal SAH?

A

Hypertension
Smoking
Cocaine
Family history

5
Q

How do aneurysmal SAH present?

A

Headache (worst imaginable, thunderclap)
Meninigsm (nausea, vomiting, neck stiffness)
Focal neurological deficits
Seizures
ECG changes
Reduced level of consciousness

6
Q

What are some of the complications of SAH?

A

Re-bleeding from aneurysm
Vasospasm
Hydrocephalus
Seizures Electrolyte abnormalities

7
Q

What is vasospasm?

A

Spasm of cerebral arteries presenting with blood in subarachnoid space

8
Q

How is vasospasm diagnosed?

A

Transcranial doppler

CT angiogram

9
Q

How is vasospasm prevented?

A

Nimodipine for first 3 weeks following SAH

Keep well hydrated

10
Q

What are the risk factors of intracerebral haemorrhage?

A

Hypertension
Increasing age
Substance abuse
Underlying lesion

11
Q

How does intracerebral haemorrhage present?

A
Contralateral weakness of face/arm/leg 
Dsyphasia 
Headache 
Nausea, vomiting 
Deteriorating conscious level
12
Q

How is intracerebral haemorrhage diagnosed?

A

CT

13
Q

What is the treatment for intracerebral haemorrhage?

A

Correct blood clotting (reverse warfarin)
Remove clot
Control blood pressure

14
Q

What is an arteriovenous malformation?

A

Abnorma connection between arteries and veins

15
Q

What is the treatment for arteriovenous malformation?

A

Surgical excision
Endovascular treatment
Focused radiotherapy