Chapter 12 Flashcards Preview

► Human Geography > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 12 Deck (30)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Where do services make up the majority of employment?

A

MDCs (almost 80% in the US)

2
Q

What determines the percent of employment in the tertiary sector?

A

Where the people live that can afford services

3
Q

What is the Gini Coefficient?

A

A visual representation of the income distribution of a nation’s residents

4
Q

What are the three categories of services?

A

Consumer services, business services, and public services

5
Q

What are examples of consumer services?

A

Retail, hotels, restaurants, etc

6
Q

What are examples of business services

A

Law, accounting, architecture, banking, real estate, etc

7
Q

What are examples of public services

A

State and local government, police, fire, etc

8
Q

What controls the location of consumer services?

A

It follows a regular pattern based on the size of settlements

9
Q

What theory do services follow and what does that accomplish?

A

Services follow the Central Place Theory to maximize the location to customers

10
Q

Who proposed the Central Place Theory and when?

A

Walter Christaller in the 1930s

11
Q

What is central place?

A

The market (for the exchange of goods and services)

12
Q

What is hinterland?

A

The market area (where the customers are)

13
Q

What is the threshold?

A

Them minimum number of people needed to support the service of/ in the area

14
Q

What is range?

A

The maximum distance people are willing to travel to obtain a service

15
Q

What is the best location for a service?

A

Where it minimizes the distance to the service for the largest number of people

16
Q

What shape did Christaller use and why?

A

He used hexagons as a compromise instead of circles and squares because circles and squares created overlaps and gaps.

17
Q

What does central place theory describe?

A

The spatial distribution and size of cities and towns

18
Q

What do central places compete against and what does it create?

A

Central places compete against one another creating a pattern of services and settlements

19
Q

What is Hotelling’s Law?

A

That services tend to cluster and that competitors want to be as close to each other and the customers as possible

20
Q

Services fall under what sector of the economy?

A

Tertiary

21
Q

What is the gravity model?

A

It’s used to predict the degree of interaction between 2 places (the pull)

22
Q

What does the strength of the bond between two places depend on?

A

Population and distance

23
Q

What is the rank-size rule and what kinds of countries follow it?

A

MDCs tend to follow this rule. It’s when the proportion of small cities to large cities within a country follows a pattern; The second largest city is 1/2 the size of the first, the third largest city 1.3 the size of the first, and so on

24
Q

What are some countries where the rank-size rule is found?

A

Italy, Canada, and Australia

25
Q

What are primate cities?

A

The one major city that serves as the dominant political, economic, and social force (at least 2x as big as the size of the next largest city)

26
Q

What are some examples of countries with primate cities?

A

France, England, Spain, Mexico, Thailand (bankok is 40x the size of the next largest city), Argentina

27
Q

What are some implications of the rank-size rule?

A

Services are evenly distributed, Limits the need to go to one location, but no common central area or large market/ no centripetal force

28
Q

What are some implications of the Primate City Rule?

A

There’s a dominant city/ pull factor, all services you need are centrally located, global and regional trading power, creates congestion/ traffic, and unequal distribution of wealth and power

29
Q

What are forward capitals?

A

Not all primate cities are world capital cities, some are foward cities, where the captial once was and now isn’t. Ex: Brazil, US, Pakistan, etc

30
Q

Why would you move the captial?

A

Centrally located, to demonstrait power and presteige, and can be moved to attract people to a new area