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A - Board Reveiew Misc > Biochemistry nutrition > Flashcards

Flashcards in Biochemistry nutrition Deck (21)
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1
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

A D E K

2
Q
Name the following vitamins
B1
B2
B3
B5
B6
B7
B9
B12
C
A
1 Thiamine
2 Riboflavin
3 Niacin
5 Pantathenic acid
5 Pyridoxine
7 Biotin
9 Folate
12 Cobalamin
C Ascorbic acid
3
Q

Vitamin A deficiency

A

Night blindness

Scaly dry skin and bitot conjunctiva spots.

4
Q

Vitamin B1 deficiency

A
thiamine deficieny
Strongly related to the TCA cycle
LEads to wernicke korsakof syndrome
Dry beriberi
Wet beri beri

Due to impaired lucose breakdown/ATP depletion.

5
Q

Wernicke korsakoff syndrome

A

confusion, opthalmoplegia, and ataxia are the classic triad.

thiamine deficiency/B1

6
Q

Dry Beri Bery

A

Secondary to thiamine deficiency (B1)

Polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle wasting.

7
Q

Wet Beri Beri

A

High output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy), edema.

Secondary to thiamine (B1) deficiency.

8
Q

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency

A

FAD and FMN cofactor deficiency.
Leads to cheilosis (inflammation of lips, scaling and fissures at corners of the mouth)
and corneal vascularization.

“The 2 C’s of B2”

9
Q

Vitamin B3 deficiency

A

Niacin deficiencyies result in lack of NAD and NADP+ formation. Derived from tryptophan. Synthesis requires B2 and B6.

Deficiency results in glossitis, pellagra.

10
Q

Pellagra

A

Niacin B3 deficiency
Diarrhea
dementia
Dermatitis -> Broad collar rash

11
Q

Vitamin B5 deficiency

A

Essential for Co-enzyme A and fatty acid synthesis

Dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, and adrenal deficiency occurs.

12
Q

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency

A

Used for the creation of many catecholamines.

Leads to convulsions, hyperirritibility, peripheral neurppathy and sideroblastic anemias.

13
Q

B7 (biotin deficiency)

A

Cofactor for the carboxylation enzymes

deficiencies are rare, but leads to dermatitis, alopecia, enteritis.

14
Q

Vitamin B9 Folate deficiency

A

Converted to THF important for DNA and RNA formation.

Leads to macrocytic and megaloblastic anemia. Homocysteine levels will be high in lab results.

15
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia
Hypersegmented PMNs
formed through animal products and stored in the liver.

requires intrinsic factor to pick up from the intestine.

16
Q

Vitamin C deficiency

A

Scurvy - Collagen synthesis deficiency

note also that calcium is important for iron absorption and the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine.

17
Q

Vitamin D deficiency

A

Rickets in children
Osteomalacia in adults
Excessive PTH release to make up for lack of calcium absorption.

18
Q

Vitamin E deficiency

A

Usually an antioxidant that protects RBC so a deficiency results in hemolytic anemia

19
Q

Vitamin K deficiency

A

Important for clotting factors.

Thus lack results in neonatal hemorrhage with an increased PT and PTT

20
Q

What is kwashiokor malnutrition?

A

Protein malnutrition resulting in skin lesions and edema due to decreased oncotic pressure with liver malfunction.

21
Q

What is marasmus malnutrition?

A

Total calorie malnutrition resulting in tissue and muscle wasting*, loss of subcutaneous fat, and variable edema.

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