Flashcards in C6 - Vineyard Management Deck (185)
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1
What are the three main considerations a producer may need to make when choosing a site?
Environmental conditions
Business considerations
Grape variety
2
Which environmental conditions does a producer have to consider?
Average temperature
Rainfall
Sunlight
Soil fertility
Drainage
3
What business considerations must be made by a producer when selecting a vineyard site?
Proximity to utility infrastructure (power, water etc.)
Availability of a vineyard workforce
Accessibility for machinery
Cost of land
4
What must a producer consider regarding grape variety when selecting a site?
It must suit climatic conditions
Demand
Legal restrictions
5
How is a new vineyard prepared?
Existing vegetation is cleared
Fertility tested (and corrected with fertiliser if necessary)
Young vines are planted by hand or machine
Vines protected from animals with plastic sleeves
Irrigation allowed to help young vines establish themselves
6
Why is irrigation allowed in some places after new vines have been planted?
To allow the vines to establish themselves
7
When does a vine's first yield usually come?
In the third year after planting
8
At what age on average are vines usually replaced?
30 - 50 years
9
What is the main factor that makes old vines desirable?
They give a greater concentration of flavours
10
What are the potential disadvantages to growing an old vine?
Lower yield
Susceptibility to disease
11
For how long is a vineyard typically left fallow after the vines are dug up?
Three or more years
12
What are the four main techniques used to manage a vine?
Training
Pruning
Trellising
Planting density
13
The grower will adapt the four main vineyard management techniques to suit the availability of these resources:
Temperature
Sunlight
Water
Soil nutrients
14
Name a practical consideration a grower may have to make when establishing a vineyard
Use of machinery
15
What is the ultimate goal of a grape-grower?
To maximise the production of fruit at the desired quality level as economically as possible
16
What is vine training?
The shape of the permanent wood of the vine
17
What are the two principal branches of vine training?
Head training
Cordon training
18
Both head training and cordon training can be...to benefit from heat retained by the soil or...to avoid frosts
Low trained
High trained
19
Describe a head-trained vine
They have very little permanent wood
Some have only a trunk
Some have a few arms protruding from the trunk
They can be spur-pruned or replacement cane pruned
20
Describe a vine which is cordon trained
A trunk with one or two arms of permanent wood
Usually spur pruned
21
Describe a positive and negative of cordon training a vine
The sturdy permanent cordon with shoots positioned along its length, makes mechanisation easier
It can take longer to establish because of the greater amount of permanent wood
22
Cordon training can also be used to create...
Big vine structures
23
What is pruning?
The removal of unwanted leaves, canes and permanent wood
24
What is the purpose of pruning?
It shapes the vine and limits its size
25
When does pruning typically take place?
Every summer and every winter
26
What is the main purpose of winter pruning?
To determine the number and location of buds that will form shoots in the coming season
27
Why is it important to ensure that buds are not too close together?
To help with canopy management
28
What are the two styles of winter pruning?
Spur pruning
Replacement cane pruning
29
Describe spur pruning
Spurs are either distributed along a cordon or around the top of the trunk
30
