Flashcards in Substance Abuse Deck (78)
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1
What is considered risky drinking for men and women under 65 yo? Those over 65?
Men = more than 14 drinks / week
Women, and those over 65 = More than 7 drinks/day
2
What, generally, is meant by the term risky use?
Health consequences may arise from using
3
What is the definition of physical dependence?
A state of adaptation that is manifested by withdrawl syndrome produced by an abrupt cessation
4
What is unhealthy use?
Spectrum from risky use to addiction
5
What is meant by the term abuse in terms of drug use?
Any use or amount that deviates from social norms
6
What is misuse in the context of drugs?
Prescription drugs that are taken in an amount greater than prescribed
7
What is cross-tolerance in the context of drug use?
The ability of one drug to be substituted for another to produce the same effects
8
How, generally, do drugs work?
Activation of the reward system based on:
-Reinforcement of behaviors
-Changes to Memory production
9
True or false: the pathway of reward is difference for each drug, but the mechanism is the same
False-mechanism different, but the pathway is the same
10
What is the pathway of reward activation?
Prefrontal cortex to ventral tegmental area nucleus accumbens, to ventral tegmental area
11
What is the role of the nucleus accumbens?
Motivation and goal-directed behavior
12
What is the area of the brain that produces dopamine?
Ventral tegmental area
13
What is the major neurotransmitter involved in the reward pathway?
Dopamine
14
What are the four major functions of serotonin?
-mood
-Memory processing
-Sleep
-Cognition
15
What are the major functions of dopamine (5)
-Reward
-Pleasure
-Motor function
-Compulsion
-Perseveration
16
What is the MOA of cocaine?
Ester--blocks dopamine reuptake
17
What BP drugs should never be combined with cocaine?
Beta blockers
18
How long must drug use continued for to be called a disorder?
12 months
19
What are the mild, moderate, and severe drug use disorder?
Mild = 2-3
Moderate = 4-5
Severe = 6+
20
What are the "impaired control" diagnostic criteria for abuse disorder (4)?
-Taking substance over longer period, or in larger amounts
-Desire to cut down or unsuccessful efforts
-Spend too much time
-Craving
21
What are the "social impairment" diagnostic criteria for abuse disorder (3)?
-Failure to fulfill role
-Social problems
-Social concerns giving up for use
22
What are the "Risky use" diagnostic criteria for abuse disorder (2)?
-Using when physically hazardous
-Using despite negative health consequences
23
What are the "Pharmacological" diagnostic criteria for abuse disorder (2)?
-tolerance
-Withdrawal
24
True or false: either tolerance or withdrawal are needed for a diagnosis of substance abuse disorder
False
25
What are the major ocular changes with: EtOH?
Nystagmus
26
What are the major ocular changes with: sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics
Nystagmus
27
What are the major ocular changes with: inhalents
Nystagmus
28
What are the major ocular changes with: hallucinogens
Dilated pupils
29
What are the major ocular changes with: PCP
Nystagmus
30
