BB LEC - ABO Blood System

Question 1

most important system in transfusion and transplanta1on therapy

Answer 1

ABO BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM

Question 2

the only blood group system in which individuals have an1bodies in their serum to an1gens that are absent from their RBCs

Answer 2

ABO BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM

Question 3

drew blood from himself and five associates, separated the cells and serum, and then mixed each cell sample with each serum. He was inadvertently the first individual to perform forward and reverse grouping.

Answer 3

Landsteiner

Question 4

• __ genes are dominant than O gene

Answer 4

A and B

Question 5

__ genes are codominant

Answer 5

A and B

Question 6

ABO genes are located on chromosome

Answer 6

9

Question 7

ABO genes are inherited in a what manner following simple Mendelian genetics laws

Answer 7

codominant

Question 8

H gene codes for what glycosyltransferases

Answer 8

L-fucosyltransferase

Question 9

A gene codes for what glycosyltransferases

Answer 9

N-acetylgalactosaminyl- transferase

Question 10

B gene codes for what glycosyltransferases

Answer 10

D-galactosyltransferase

Question 11

Immunodominant sugar of H gene

Answer 11

L-fucose

Question 12

Immunodominant sugar of A gene

Answer 12

N-acetyl-D- galactosamine

Question 13

Immunodominant sugar of B gene

Answer 13

D-galactose

Question 14

how many percent of all individuals possess the H gene.

Answer 14

99.99%

Question 15

The forma1on of ABH antigens results from the interaction of genes at three separate loci what are these loci

Answer 15

(ABO, Hh, and Se)

Question 16

A, B, and H an1gens are formed from the same basic precursor material called

Answer 16

(called a paragloboside or glycan)

Question 17

On the __ day of fetal life, attachment of immunodominant sugars occurs on the RBC membrane and it is dependent on ABH genes inherited.

Answer 17

37th

Question 18

antigens fully developed by what age

Answer 18

2-4 YEARS

Question 19

is actually the precursor structure on which A and B an1gens are made

Answer 19

H antigen

Question 20

The ___ genes are closely linked and located on chromosome 19

Answer 20

H and Se

Question 21

The H and Se genes are closely linked and located on chromosome ?

Answer 21

19

Question 22

what gene must be inherited to form the ABO antigens on the RBCs

Answer 22

H

Question 23

what gene must be inherited to form the ABO antigens in secretions.

Answer 23

Se

Question 24

what type of precursor substance

terminal galactose on the precursor substance is attached to the N-acetylglucosamine in a beta 1 → 4 linkage

Answer 24

type 2

Question 25

what type of precursor substance | beta 1 → 3 linkage between galactose and N-acetylglucosamin

Answer 25

type 3

Question 26

ABH antigens on the RBC are constructed on oligosaccharide chains of a type ?? precursor substance.

Answer 26

2

Question 27

- are mostly naturally occurring antibodies that are | detectable 3 to 6 months after birth following exposure to ABO-likeantigensin theenvironment

Answer 27

ABO ANTIBODIES

Question 28

ABO ANTIBODIES detectable when??

Answer 28

3 to 6 months after birth following exposure to ABO-likeantigensin theenvironment

Question 29

are mostly IgM and react best at RT or below.

Answer 29

ABO ANTIBODIES

Question 30

most anBbodies found in cord blood serum are of ?? origin

Answer 30

maternal

Question 31

Antibody production peaks when an individual is between___ years of age and declines later in life.

Answer 31

5 and 10

Question 32

Although anti-A (from a group B individual) and anti-B (from a group A individual) contains predominantly IgM antibody, there may be small quantities of __ present.

Answer 32

IgG

Question 33

___ antibody is not a combination of anti-A and anti-B but is a separate “cross-reacting” antibody that is usually IgG in nature

Answer 33

Anti-A,B

Question 34

Predominant Ig in Anti-A,B

Answer 34

IgG

Question 35

ABO Ab activate complement at what temp?

Answer 35

37C

Question 36

is defined as using known sources of commercial antisera (anti-A, anti-B) to detect antigens on an individual’s RBCs.

Answer 36

Forward grouping

Question 37

is defined as detecting ABO antibodies in the patient’s serum by using known reagent RBCs, namely A1 and B cells.

Answer 37

Reverse grouping (back type)

Question 38

Testing RBCs with reagent __ is not required as a routine part of ABO testing.

Answer 38

anti-A,B

Question 39

However, some believe that ___ is more effective at detecting weakly expressed A and B antigens than reagent anti-A or anti-B

Answer 39

anti-A,B

Question 40

However, the production and use of _____have made anti- A and anti-B reagents much more sensitive, to the point where weak A and B antigens can be detected routinely.

Answer 40

monoclonal antisera

Question 41

. It is still routinely used when performing ABO confirmation of blood donors, because it is more economical to use one reagent (anti-A,B) than to use two reagents (anti-A and anti-B) to verify group O donor units.

Answer 41

Anti-A,B

Question 42

Reagent anti-A,B can be prepared using : (3)

Answer 42

blended monoclonal anti-A and anti-B; polyclonal human anti-A,B; or a blend of monoclonal anti-A, anti-B, and anti- A,B.

Question 43

It has been postulated that ____ are chemically similar to A and B antigens.

Answer 43

bacteria, pollen particles, and other substances present in nature

Question 44

Antibody production in most OTHER blood group systems requires ___ by transfusion or pregnancy

Answer 44

the introduction of foreign RBCs

Question 45

_____ is unique to the ABO blood group system.

Answer 45

performance of serum grouping

Question 46

- regulates the formation of H antigen and subsequently, of A and B antigens in secretory cells WHAT SYSTEM

Answer 46

Sese system

Question 47

WHAT SYSTEM | - regulates production of H antigens on erythrocytes

Answer 47

Zz system

Question 48

Regulating gene for ABH Antigens

Answer 48

FUT1 (Zz gene)

Question 49

Regulating gene for ABH Soluble susbtances

Answer 49

FUT2 (Se gene)

Question 50

name of Zz gene

Answer 50

FUT1

Question 51

name of Se gene

Answer 51

FUT2

Question 52

1st sugar in the precursor substance | of ABH Ag

Answer 52

glucose

Question 53

1st sugar in the precursor substance | of ABH Soluble substances

Answer 53

N-acetylgalactosamine

Question 54

: represent phenotypes that show weaker variable serologic reactivity with the commonly used human polyclonal anti-A, anti-B and anti-A,B reagents

Answer 54

ABO SUBGROUPS

Question 55

who described two different A antigens based on reactions between group A RBCs and anti-A and anti-A1

Answer 55

von Dungern

Question 56

The __ subgroups are generally more common than B sub- groups

Answer 56

A

Question 57

___ is found in greatest concentration on the RBCs of group O individuals

Answer 57

H antigen

Question 58

for the base of formation of H, Lewis, I/i, P1 antigens

Answer 58

common carb structure (antigen building block)

Question 59

2 terminal sugars in the oligosaccharide chain

Answer 59

D-galactose and N-acetylglucosamine

Question 60

only antigen in H blood group system

Answer 60

H antigen

Question 61

amorph of the H locus, with rare frequency

Answer 61

h

Question 62

gene product of H allele

Answer 62

transferase enzyme

Question 63

Gene products of the ABO alleles require __ to be the acceptor molecule

Answer 63

H antigen

Question 64

The FUT1 gene adds galactose to both oligosaccharide chains in red cells and in secretions. TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 64

TRUE

Question 65

alleles in ABO locus

Answer 65

A, B, O

Question 66

nonfunctional ABO allele | resulting gene is an enzymatically inactive protein

Answer 66

O allele

Question 67

defined the molecular basis of the ABO phenotypes

Answer 67

Yamamoto