Para Lec - Hemoflagellates Trypanosoma

Question 1

location of trypanosoma brucei during febrile periods

Answer 1

circulating blood

lymph nodes

Question 2

location of trypanosoma brucei during sleepingperiods

Answer 2

CSF

Question 3

lab diagnosis of trypanosoma cruzi

Answer 3

xenodiagnosis

demonstratoon of trypomastigote in thin and thick smears

Question 4

habitat of t.cruzi

Answer 4

RES, Cardiac muscle, CNS

Question 5

Location of amastigote

Answer 5

1. Amastigote – intracellular (spleen, reticuloendothelial cells, tissues, monocytes)

Question 6

Location of epimastigote

Answer 6

vector?

Question 7

Location of promastigote

Answer 7

develop in gut of vector

Question 8

Location of trypomastigote

Answer 8

final host, in blood circulation

Question 9

– infects cattle

Answer 9

Trypanosoma brucei brucei

Question 10

TRANSMISSION (4)

T. b. gambiense/rhodisiense

Answer 10

• Vector: Tse-tse fly (Common MoT)
• Mechanical transmission: blood-sucking insect
• Mother to child transmission
• Blood transfusion
• Accident infection (pricks)

Question 11

what stage of african trypanosomiasis

• Characterized by swelling/ small papule from

Answer 11

Stage 1: Hemolymphatic Stage

Question 12

– swelling of lymph nodes at posterior neck region or at the cervical vertebrae

Answer 12

Winterbottom’s sign

Question 13

what stage of african trypanosomiasis

• Sleeping sickness stage (blood brain barrier is crossed)

Answer 13

Stage 2: Chronic meningoencephalitic

Question 14

what stage of african trypanosomiasis
Signs and symptoms: personality change, mood swings, insomnia, daytime lethargy, environmental withdrawal, secondary infection (E.g. Pneumonia)

Answer 14

Stage 2: Chronic meningoencephalitic

Question 15

• Specimen for african trypanosomiasis diagnosis

Answer 15

: blood, CSF, lymph node aspirate

Question 16

lab diagnosis for african trypanosomiasis

Gold standard

Answer 16

microscopy

Question 17

treatment
first stage, for T. brucei rhodisiense
-urinary tract, allergic reactions (Side effects?)

Answer 17

• Suramin

Question 18

treatment
first stage, for T. brucei gambiense
-side effects more tolerated

Answer 18

Pentamidine

Question 19

• most important prevention and control for african trypanosomiasis

Answer 19

Education and public awareness

Question 20

phase of american trypanosomiasis disease

– free of symptoms

Answer 20

intermediate phase

Question 21

phase of american trypanosomiasis disease

characterized by chagoma (local swelling, observed on site of inoculation) or skin irritation

Answer 21

acute phase

Question 22

phase of american trypanosomiasis disease

enlargement of esophagus

Answer 22

chronic phase

Question 23

phase of american trypanosomiasis disease

lesions on internal organs like heart, PNS, esophagus, colon

Answer 23

chronic phase

Question 24

phase of american trypanosomiasis disease

3 Mega:

Answer 24

severe/chronic phase

Question 25

what organs involved in 3 mega

Answer 25

megaesophagus megacolon megacardiomyopathy

Question 26

vectors of american trypanosomiasis

Answer 26

Vectors: Triatoma, Rhodnius, Panstrongylus

Question 27

transmission of american trypanosomiasis

Answer 27

* Vectors: Triatoma, Rhodnius, Panstrongylus (Also known as kissing bug) * Ingestion of food contaminated with parasites * Blood transfusion * Fetal transmission (13% stillborn deaths per year in Brazil)

Question 28

acute phase of american trypanosomiasis begins

Answer 28

1 week after infection

Question 29

unilateral swelling of eyelids

Answer 29

Romana's sign

Question 30

the stage of the parasite recovered in xenodiagnosis

Answer 30

epimastigote or metacyclic trypomastigote

Question 31

2 types of smear for lab diagnosis of american trypanosomiasis

Answer 31

wet smear | stained smear

Question 32

sx for stained smear of american trypanosomiasis

Answer 32

blood, csf

Question 33

prevention of american trypanosomiasis

Answer 33

vector control

Question 34

treatment of american trypanosomiasis

Answer 34

benznidazole | nifurtimox

Question 35

IS stage of trypanosomes to man

Answer 35

trypomastigote

Question 36

IS stage of trypanosomes to vector

Answer 36

trypomastigote

Question 37

diagnostic stage of trypanosomes

Answer 37

IS stage of trypanosomes to man

Question 38

vector of African trypanosomiasis

Answer 38

Glossina spp.