Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Botany > blood - phyana lec > Flashcards

blood - phyana lec Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

– pale yellow fluid

-volume remains relatively constant

A

plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Plasma Proteins

contributes to the osmotic pressure of blood

A

albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Plasma Proteins
some are part of the immune system (antibodies and complement), some are transport molecules, some are clotting factors (fibrinogen)

A

globulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q 
Plasma Proteins
clotting factor (converted to fibrin)
A

fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

process of blood cell production

A

hematopoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

plasma without clotting factors

A

serum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where all formed elements are derived

-differentiate to give rise to different cell lines

A

stem cells or hemacytoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

main component of RBC

-accounts for about 1/3 of RBC’s volume and red color

A

hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

– responsible for oxygen transport

-consists of 4 protein chains and 4 heme groups

A

hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

has 2/3 of the body’s iron

A

hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

color of blood

Hemoglobin + O2

A

bright red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

color of blood

Hemoglobin (without O2)

A

dark red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

– binds to iron in hemoglobin about 210 times more readily than does oxygen

  • does not tend to unbind
  • nausea, headache, unconsciousness, death
A

carbon monoxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

produced in tissues

  • transported to the lungs where it is removed from the blood
  • its transport involves bicarbonate ions, hemoglobin, plasma
  • much is transported in the form of bicarbonate ions
  • can reversibly bind to the globin of hemoglobin
A

carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

catalyzes a reaction that converts carbon dioxide and water into a H ion and HCO3- ion

A

carbonic anhydrase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

give rise to the red blood cell line

A

Proerythroblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Requirements for the Cell Division of RBC:

A

Foliate
B12
Iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

hormone that stimulates red bone marrow to produce more RBC

-negative feedback mechanism

A

erythropoeitin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

in what form is heme converted during hemoglobin breakdown

A

bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

– yellowish skin color due to build up of bilirubin in the circulation

A

jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  • spherical cells that lack hemoglobin
  • larger than RBC
  • has nucleus
  • leaves the blood and travels by amoeboid movement
A

WBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

most common type of WBC

  • small granules (stain in both acidic and basic dyes)
  • 2-4 lobes
  • remain in blood for a short time
  • phagocytize microorganisms
A

neutrophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

– least common WBC

  • large granules (blue or purple with basic dyes)
  • release histamine and heparin (prevents formation of clots)
A

basophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

– bright red granules with eosin (acidic stain)

  • 2 lobed nucleus
  • involved in inflammatory responses associated with allergies and asthma
  • involved in destroying worm parasites
A

eosinophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
– smallest WBC - has a thin, unnoticeable ring (plasma membrane) - involved in body’s immune response - production of antibodies
lymphocytes
26
largest of the WBC | -leave the blood, enter tissues, enlarge and become macrophages
monocytes
27
phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, cell fragments, etc | -present the processed substances to lymphocytes to activate them
macrophages
28
-produced in red bone marrow from megakaryocytes (large cells)
platelets
29
blood loss prevention immediate but temporary constriction of a blood vessel -results when a smooth muscle within the vessel contracts -also produced by chemicals
vascular spasm
30
blood loss prevention | accumulation of platelets that can seal up a small break in a blood vessel
platelet plug
31
step in platelet plug formation
platelets stick to the collagen exposed by blood vessel damage - mediated through von Willebrand factor - after platelets adhere to collagen, they become activated, change shape, release chemicals
32
step in platelet plug formation – platelets release chemicals (ADP and thromboxane) to activate platelets -activated platelets release chemicals, which activates more platelets -a positive feedback
platelet release reaction
33
step in platelet plug formation | -fibrinogen forms bridges between fibrinogen receptors of numerous platelets, resulting in a platelet plug
platelet aggregation
34
– protein produced and secreted by blood vessel endothelial cells -forms a bridge between collagen and platelets by binding to platelet surface receptors and collagen
von Willebrand factor
35
proteins found within plasma which affect the formation of a clot - present in plasma but are inactive - activated following an injury - most are manufactured un the liver
clotting factors
36
needed for synthesis of clotting factors
vit K and Ca
37
sources of K
diet and bacteria
38
– prevent clotting factors from forming clots under normal conditions
anticoagulants
39
examples of eanticoagulants
Antithrombin and heparin inactivate thrombin | No thrombin, no fibrin, no clot
40
*At an injury site, activation of clotting factors Is very rapid, anticoagulants ____prevent them
cannot
41
*Away from the injury site, there are ____ anticoag
enough
42
– condensing of a clot into a more compact structure | -pulls the edges of the damaged blood vessel together, helping stop the flow of blood
clot retraction
43
– dissolution of a clot
fibrinolysis
44
used to dissolve clots.
Streptokinase and t-PA
45
transfer of blood or blood components from one individual to another
transfusion
46
– introduction of a fluid other than blood | (such as saline or glucose solution) into the blood
infusion
47
– clumping of rupture of blood cells and clotting within blood vessels -caused by interactions between antigens and antibodies
transfusion reaction
48
proteins found in the plasma | -very specific, each antibody can bind only to a certain antigen
antibodies
49
determines the ABO and Rh blood groups of a blood sample - cells are separated from serum - tested with known antibodies to determine the antigen
blood typing
50
– donor’s blood cells are mixed with recipient’s serum - donor’s serum is mixed with recipient’s blood cells - safe for transfusion if there is no agglutination
crossmatch
51
– overabundance of RBC
erythrocytosis
52
– lower than normal WBC resulting from decreased production or destruction of red marrow -caused by radiation, drugs, tumors, viral infections, deficiency of folate or Vit B12
leukopenia
53
– abnormally high WBC | -caused by bacterial infections
leukocytosis
54
cancer of the red marrow characterized by abnormal production of one or more of WBC types -can cause leukocytosis
leukemia
55
- determines the percentage of the 5 kinds of WBC | - source of insight into a patient’s condition
differential WBC
56
– greatly reduced platelet count - results in chronic bleeding through small vessels and capillaries - caused by decreased platelet production caused by hereditary disorders, lack of vit B12 (pernicious anemia), drug or radiation therapy
THROMBOCYTOPENIA
57
- calculates how long it takes for the blood to start clotting - normal: 9-12 seconds - thromboplastin + whole plasma
PROTHROMBIN TIME
58
-prothrombin time is officially reported as the
International Normalized Ratio (INR)
59
-which standardizes the time it takes to clot on the basis of the slightly different thromboplastins used by different labs
International Normalized Ratio (INR)
60
starts the process of clotting
Thromboplastin –

Botany (324 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions