GPHT - Neoplasia II Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
Cyst wall is composed of __
A
skin
2
Q
where most divergent tissue (of teratoma) emerge
A
rokitansky protruberance
3
Q
functional tissue from a teratoma
A
endocrine tissue
4
Q
T or F
Most cystic tumors are benign
A
T
5
Q
T or F
Solid tumors are malignant
A
T
6
Q
Most teratomas are benign or malignant
A
benign
7
Q
the most common benign germ cell tumor
A
Dermoid cysts or mature cystic teratomas
8
Q
most common neoplasm of the ovary
A
Dermoid cysts or mature cystic teratomas
9
Q
germ cell tumor of the testicle that is always malignant
A
seminoma
10
Q
T or F
Seminoma may be benign or malignant
A
False (always malignant)
11
Q
Tumors ending in “-oma” but are ALWAYS malignant (3)
A
Seminoma
Melanoma
Lymphoma
12
Q
Benign form of lymphoma (always malignant)
A
lymphadenopathy
13
Q
Benign form of melanoma
A
nevus or mole
14
Q
T or F
Leukemia may be benign or malignant
A
F (always malignant)
15
Q
multiple adenomatous polyps are also known as
A
tubulovillous adenomas
16
Q
genetic syndrome in which an abnormal genetic mutation leads to development of multiple neoplasms in colon
genetic abnormalities may be inherited or acquired
A
familial adenomatous polyposis
17
Q
type of tumor (benign or malignant) which does not eat up normal tissue
A
benign
18
Q
type of tumor (benign or malignant) which infiltrate, go inside
A
malignant
19
Q
condition in which there are cystic glands but no tumor, just a lesion
A
fibrocystic change
20
Q
lesions with cystic glands, not a tumor
A
fibrocystic change
21
Q
identify if benign or malignant
fungating mass ulcerating the skin
A
malignant
22
Q
identify if benign or malignant
well-circumscribed
with demarcation
A
benign
23
Q
identify if benign or malignant
small, movable
A
benign
24
Q
identify if benign or malignant
proliferating fibrocollagenous lesions
compressed glands
A
benign
25
identify the condition
Malignant
bladder filled up with water
fingerlike papillomas
papillary urothelial carcinoma
26
identify the condition
benign
bladder filled up with water
fingerlike papillomas
urothelial papilloma
27
hallmark of malignancy
metastasis
28
identify if benign or malignant
| compress adjacent tissue
benign
29
tumor/neoplasms in which there is metastasis but not malignant (2)
leiomyoma
| giant tumor of bone
30
identify if benign or malignant
| pleomorphic, anaplastic
malignant
31
identify if benign or malignant
growth
slow with expansion, displacement
benign
32
identify if benign or malignant
| growth slow with compression
benign
33
identify if benign or malignant
growth
compressive atrophy of surrounding tissue
benign
34
identify if benign or malignant
growth
rapid with destruction
malignant
35
identify if benign or malignant
growth
rapid with infiltration
malignant
36
identify if benign or malignant
growth
rapid with
thigmotaxis
malignant
37
identify if benign or malignant
growth
rapid with vascular invasion
malignant
38
identify if benign or malignant
growth
rapid with metastases
malignant
39
identify if benign or malignant
| size: increases slowly,
benign
40
identify if benign or malignant
| size: tumor may become very large (knapsack tumor)
benign
41
identify if benign or malignant
| size: increases rapidly
malignant
42
identify if benign or malignant
| capsule is present
benign
43
identify if benign or malignant
tumor can be surgically enucleated from capsule due to compression of local stroma
benign
44
identify if benign or malignant
capsule is partially or entirely absent
malignant
45
identify if benign or malignant
tumor frequently recurs after resection
malignant
46
histologic findings:
| perfect image of histologic mother tissue with low mitosis count
benign
47
histologic findings:
| absence of necrosis
benign
48
histologic findings: maneuverable
benign
49
histologic findings:
| non-maneuverable
malignant
50
histologic findings:
| primitive image of histologic mother tissue with high mitosis count and necrosis
malignant
51
variability of cell size: cellular and nuclear isomorphism
benign
52
variability of cell size:
| cellular and nuclear polymorphism
malignant
53
nuclear euploidy (uniform coloration of nuclei) with exception of endocrine tumors, which exhibit nuclear polyploidy
benign
54
tumors with nuclear polyploidy
endocrine tumors
55
nuclear aneuploidy, polyploidy, polychromasia (varying coloration of nuclei)
malignant
56
N:C ratio is normal
benign
57
N:C ratio is high [nuclei predominate]
malignant
58
nucleoli: invisible or small and round
benign
59
nucleoli: enlarged and irregular
malignant
60
clinical course: usually asymptomatic except for compression symptoms
benign
61
clinical course: produce wide range of late symptoms
malignant
62
clinical course: do not recur or metastasize
benign
63
clinical course: frequently recur or metastasize
malignant
64
T or F: Multiple tumors have less chance of malignancy
T
65
T or F: Solitary tumor may be malignant
T
66
2 Hallmarks of malignancy
Metastasis
| Anaplasia
67
T or F: Mitosis can be a sole basis of malignancy
False
68
T or F: There are benign tumors with high mitotic rate
True
69
How many mitotic figures/hpf for a tumor to be considered malignant
> 10
70
T or F: Abnormal mitoses are highly indicative of malignancy
T
71
Identify if benign or malignant:
| presence of tripole
malignant
| tripole is an abnormal mitotic figure
72
T or F: Proliferation in the stratified squamous epithelium NORMALLY occurs in the basal layer
True
73
Identify if malignant or benign: Proliferation of stratified squamous epithelium in UPPER LAYER
Malignant
74
T or F: Dysplasia encountered in mesenchyme
False: Dysplasia encountered in epithelia
75
T or F: Dysplasia is reversible
True. Reversible if factors (like smoking) are eliminated
76
what carcinoma
seeding as pathway of dissemination
penetrates the wall of the gut
reimplant at distant sites in the peritoneal cavity
carcinoma of colon
77
identify the pathway of dissemination
| cancers of the ovary (cover the peritoneal surfaces)
seeding within body cavities
78
pattern of lymph node involvement depends on (2)
site of primary neoplasm
| pathways of drainage
79
T or F: Veins are less readily penetrated than arteries
F: Arteries less readily penetrated than the veins
80
T or F: Exposure to chemical carcinogens results in permanent DNA damage
True
81
__ induce tumors in initiated cells (reversible)
spromoters
82
radiant energy/UV rays cause what types of cancer (3)
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
malignant carcinoma
83
Human papilloma virus cause what cancer (2)
```
squamous papillomas (Warts)
carcinoma of cervix
```
84
What are the 3 carcinogenic agents
Chemical
Radiant
Oncogenic viruses/microbes
85
Epstein-Barr virus causes (2)
Burkitt lymphoma
| nasopharyngeal carcinoma
86
HBV causes
hepatocellular carcinoma
87
Helicobacter pylori causes (2)
gastric carcinoma, gastric lymphoma
88
gastric carcinoma, gastric lymphoma caused by
H. pylori
89
hepatocellular carcinoma caused by
HBV
90
Burkitt lymphoma
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
caused by
EBV
91
squamous papillomas (Warts)
carcinoma of cervix
Caused by
HPV
92
T or F: Expansile growth can destroy adjacent structures
T
93
T or F: Endocrine gland neoplasm elaborate hormones
T
94
Grading is based on (2)
differentiation of tumor cells
| number of mitoses
95
this tells how DEEP tumor infiltrates
Staging
96
this tells how closely it RESEMBLES normal component
Grading
97
a higher grade means (closer, farther) appearance from normal
farther
98
Staging is based on (3)
size of primary lesion
extent of spread to regional lymph nodes
presence/absence of metastases
99
What can you conclude if the person has metastatic adenocarcinoma but has spread to the bone
metastatic adenocarcinoma does not occur in bone, thus the cancer is METASTATIC
100
Which between staging and grading has implication on biologic behavior
grading
101
the higher the grade, ___ aggressive,
more aggressive
102
the higher the grade, what is the rate of proliferation
rapid
103
the lower the grade, what is the rate of proliferation
slowly
104
These scores in TNM classification depend on the organ
T and N
105
Tissue or part of the body that do not proliferate very much
bone
106
At what grade does chemo start?
3
107
Why does chemo do not have much effect on osteosarcoma
bone does not proliferate very much
chemo kills proliferating and non-proliferating cells
thus chemo more effective in proliferating cells
108
lower grades need what kind of treatment
surgery
109
higher grades need what kind of treatment
radiation
