MYCOVIRO - CH 60 of book part 1

Question 1

Produce large, ribbon-like hyphae that contain occasional septa

Answer 1

MUCORALES (ZYGOMYCETES)

Question 2

2. Have sporangia (saclike fruiting structures) that produce sporangiospores and is formed at the tip of a
   supporting structure called sporangiophore

Answer 2

MUCORALES (ZYGOMYCETES)

Question 3

3. Sporangiophores are connected to one another by occasionally septate hyphae called stolons, attached
   to contact points where root-like structure (rhizoids) may appear and anchor the organism to the agar
   surface.

Answer 3

MUCORALES (ZYGOMYCETES)

Question 4

4. Commonly found on decaying vegetable matter or old bread or in soil

Answer 4

MUCORALES (ZYGOMYCETES)

Question 5

• infection caused by mucorales

Answer 5

Mucormycosis

Question 6

can lead to vascular invasion and rapidly produce thrombosis and tissue necrosis - perineural invasion can also occur

Answer 6

Mucormycosis

Question 7

one of the most common presentation of mucormycosis

Answer 7

• rhinocerebral form

Question 8

infection w/c involves nasal mucosa, palate, sinuses, orbit, face and brain

Answer 8

• rhinocerebral form

Question 9

stains for mucorales ID

Answer 9

Calcofluor white or KOH

Question 10

What to observe under microscope for mucorales ID

Answer 10

observe branching, broad-diameter, predominantly nonseptated hyphae

Question 11

Cultivation: Fluffy, white to gray or brown hyphal growth, resembles cotton candy

Answer 11

mucorales

Question 12

grows rapidly; covers agar suface within 24 to 96 hours

Answer 12

mucorales

Question 13

hyphae may lift the lid of agar plate (aka “lid lifter”)

Answer 13

mucorales

Question 14

may appear to be coarse - dish is filled with loose, grayish hyphae, dotted with brown or black sporangia

Answer 14

mucorales

Question 15

Mucorales spp

- unbranched sporangiophores; rhizoids appear opposite the point where stolon arises

Answer 15

Rhizopus spp

Question 16

Mucorales spp
- singularly produced or branched sporangiophores with round sporangium at the tip; no
rhizoids or stolons

Answer 16

Mucor spp.

Question 17

Mucorales spp

• pyriform sporangia with funnel-shaped area (apophysis)
• rhizoids originate between sporangiophores as with Absidia spp.

Answer 17

Lichtheimia spp.

Question 18

• infections caused by dermatophytes involving the superficial areas of the body

Answer 18

Dermatomycoses

Question 19

• most common fungal infections; referred to as tinea (“ringworm”)

Answer 19

Dermatomycoses

Question 20

• they break down and utilize keratin as nitrogen source

Answer 20

dermatophytes

Question 21

• usually incapable of penetrating the subcutaneous tissue unless host is immunocompromised (even then, it is rare)

Answer 21

dermatophytes

Question 22

gross appearance of lesion of which fungus: outer ring of the active progressing infection, with central healing

Answer 22

dermatophytes

Question 23

stains for dermatophytes (2)

Answer 23

Calcofluor white or KOH

Question 24

observe what structures for dermatophytes

Answer 24

presence of hyaline septate hyphae and/or arthroconidia

Question 25

- infected hair shaft may be seen filled with masses of large arthroconidia in chains (endothrix invasion) or may show external masses of spores that ensheath the hair shaft (ectothrix invasion)

Answer 25

dermatophytes/dermatomycoses

Question 26

used for final ID of dermatophytes

Answer 26

cultivation

Question 27

what fungal infection reveal hyphae and air spaces within the shaft

Answer 27

T. schoenleinii

Question 28

initial growth of dermatophytes is often subcultured onto what agars (2) to induce sporulation

Answer 28

cornmeal agar or potato dextrose agar

Question 29

- most common causes of feet and nails infection

Answer 29

TRICHOPHYTON SPP.

Question 30

- most are anthrophilic ("human-loving"), few are zoophilic (primarily infecting animals)

Answer 30

TRICHOPHYTON SPP.

Question 31

- microconidia: smooth, spherical or pyriform or club-shaped (clavate), thin-walled with 3 to 8 septa; “birds on a fence”

Answer 31

TRICHOPHYTON SPP.

Question 32

- macroconidia: singly at terminal ends of hyphae or on short conidiophores

Answer 32

TRICHOPHYTON SPP.

Question 33

rx for trichophyton

Answer 33

- Rx: terbinafine

Question 34

- colony: flat or heaped-up, white to reddish, cottony or velvet surface; may be fluffy or granular

Answer 34

T. rubrum

Question 35

- reverse side: cherry red color produced only after 3 to 4 weeks of incubation

Answer 35

T. rubrum

Question 36

- macroconidia: cigar-shaped or pencil-shaped; sometimes on granular strain

Answer 36

T. rubrum

Question 37

- urease (-), hair penetration (-)

Answer 37

T. rubrum

Question 38

- rapidly-growing; most common cause of athlete’s foot

Answer 38

T. mentagrophytes

Question 39

2 colonial forms of t. rubrum

Answer 39

fluffy or granular

Question 40

2 colonial forms of t. mentagrophytes

Answer 40

downy and granular variety

Question 41

what variety of mentagrophytes from tinea pedis

Answer 41

downy

Question 42

what variety of mentagrophytes from lesions acquired by contact with animals

Answer 42

granular

Question 43

- colony: white to cream-colored to yellow, red pigmentation (granular colonies)

Answer 43

T. mentagrophytes

Question 44

- reverse side: rose-brown

Answer 44

T. mentagrophytes

Question 45

- microconidia: small, spherical in grapelike-clusters; produced by granular colonies

Answer 45

T. mentagrophytes

Question 46

- macroconidia: thin and smooth-walled, cigar-shaped with 2 to 5 septa; has a definitive narrow attachment to the base

Answer 46

T. mentagrophytes

Question 47

- urease (+); penetrates hair

Answer 47

T. mentagrophytes

Question 48

CA of tinea capitis;

Answer 48

T. tonsurans

Question 49

produces circular, scaly patches of alopecia (loss of hair); “black dot” ringworm

Answer 49

T. tonsurans

Question 50

- slow-growing, enhanced by thiamine or inositol in casein agar

Answer 50

T. tonsurans

Question 51

- colony: buff to brown, wrinkled and suedelike, shows radial folds and craterlike depression in the center

Answer 51

T. tonsurans

Question 52

- reverse side: yellowish to reddish brown

Answer 52

T. tonsurans

Question 53

- microconidia: with flat bases, located on the sides of hyphae; with age becomes swollen and elongated (balloon forms)

Answer 53

T. tonsurans

Question 54

- chlamydoconidia in old cultures

Answer 54

T. tonsurans

Question 55

- causes lesions in cattle and in humans on the beard, neck, wrist and back of hand

Answer 55

T. verrucosum

Question 56

- chain of large spores are seen in short stubs of hair from lesions

Answer 56

T. verrucosum

Question 57

- slow-growing (14 to 30 days); enhanced at 35C to 37C, enriched with thiamine and inositol

Answer 57

T. verrucosum

Question 58

- culture medium: 4% casein and 0.5% yeast extract; can hydrolyze casein

Answer 58

T. verrucosum

Question 59

- colony: small, heaped and folded with aerial mycelium; ranges from gray and waxlike to bright yellow

Answer 59

T. verrucosum

Question 60

- reverse side: nonpigmented but may be yellow

Answer 60

T. verrucosum

Question 61

- chlamydoconidia in chains; antler hyphae

Answer 61

T. verrucosum

Question 62

- macroconidia: “rat tail” or “string bean”; rarely formed

Answer 62

T. verrucosum

Question 63

causes tinea favosa or favus;

Answer 63

T. schoenleinii

Question 64

formation of yellowish cup-shaped crusts or scutulae on the scalp, scarring and permanent alopecia

Answer 64

Tinea favosa

Question 65

- large inverted cones of hyphae, athroconidia at the base of the hair follicle and branching hyphae throughout the hair shaft;

Answer 65

T. schoenleinii

Question 66

favic chandeliers and chlamydospores

Answer 66

T. schoenleinii

Question 67

slow-growing organism (30 days or longer)

Answer 67

T. schoenleinii

Question 68

- colony: white to light gray, waxy surface, irregular border, submerged hyphae that cracks the agar, nonpigmented

Answer 68

T. schoenleinii

Question 69

- reverse side: tan or nonpigmented

Answer 69

T. schoenleinii

Question 70

knobby and club-shaped hyphae

Answer 70

T. schoenleinii

Question 71

- colony: “port wine” in color (purple), heaped up, verrucous, waxy

Answer 71

T. violaceum

Question 72

- causes infection of scalp and body; endothrix hair invasion, “black dot” type of tinea capitis

Answer 72

T. violaceum

Question 73

- very slow-growing; enhanced growth with thiamine

Answer 73

T. violaceum

Question 74

- reverse side: purple or nonpigmented

Answer 74

T. violaceum

Question 75

no micro and macroconidia

Answer 75

T. violaceum

Question 76

has swollen hyphae with granules and chlamydoconidia

Answer 76

T. violaceum

Question 77

- agent of tinea imbricata

Answer 77

T. concentricum