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Resp Bible Flashcards

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1
Q

where does the larynx become the trachea / the pharynx becomes the oesophagus?

A

C6

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2
Q

at which level does the trachea bifurcate?

A

T5-T7

carina

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3
Q

what is the lingual?

A

flap of tissue on the inferior medial edge of the left lung

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4
Q

which nerve supplies the diaphragm?

A

phrenic nerve

C3, 4, 5

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5
Q

what are the signs or horner’s syndrome?

A

ptosis (drooping eyelid)
Miosis (contriction of pupil)
Anhydrosis (failure of sweat glands)

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6
Q

which lung cancer cancer do non-smokers get?

A

adenocarcinoma

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7
Q

which antigen is present in squamous cell carcinoma?

A

P63

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8
Q

what is the rima glottidis?

A

narrowest part of the larynx

where foreign bodies tend to block

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9
Q

obstructive lung disease + raised eosinophils?

A

asthma

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10
Q

obstructive lung disease + raised neutrophils?

A

COPD

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11
Q

Asian man with fever, weight loss and night sweats?

A

TB

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12
Q

what test is done for legionella pneumonia?

A

urine antigen test

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13
Q

ABCDE of pulmonary oedema?

A 
Alveolar bat's wings
kerly B lines
Cardiomegaly
Dilated prominent upper lobe vessels
pleural Effusion
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14
Q

ziehl nelson stain positive for acid fast bacilli?

A

TB

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15
Q

4 Cs of fibrosis?

A

Clubbing
Cough
Cyanosis
Crackles (fine inspiratory)

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16
Q

D sign on X ray?

A

empyema

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17
Q

type 1 resp failure?

A

hypoxia

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18
Q

type 2 resp failure?

A

hypoxia and hypercapnia

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19
Q

factors of exudate?

A

protein > 30

LDH > 200

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20
Q

factors of transudate?

A

protein < 30

LDH < 200

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21
Q

what are the signs of metabolic acidosis/diabetic ketoacidosis?

A

Type 1 diabetic not taking insulin and vomiting
dehydrated
deep laboured breathing

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22
Q

thumbprint on head X ray?

A

epiglottitis

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23
Q

what is the most common cause of epiglottitis?

A

H. influenza

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24
Q

how is epiglottitis treated?

A

ceftriaxone

don’t touch with tongue depressor

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25
Increased ACE and calcium?
sarcoidosis
26
where is respiratory rhythm established?
medulla
27
which type of firing in the medulla initiates inspiration and expiration??
DIVE dorsal = inspiratory ventral = expiratory
28
how is breathing modified in the pons?
apneustic centre = prolongs inspiration (can cause apneustic breathing) Pneumotaxic centre = inhibits inspiration
29
what is Henry's law?
the volume of a gas is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in equilibrium with a liquid
30
what type of epithelium is respiratory epithelium?
pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
31
what is coryza?
common cold
32
what epithelium lines each part of the respiratory tract?
respiratory epithelium = from nasal cavity to bronchi Bronchioles = simple columnar Alveoli - simple squamous
33
what is associated with chlamydiophila psittachi?
bird keeping headache mucoid sputum (white or grey)
34
what is associated with coxiella burnetti?
sheep farmer | Q fever
35
what is associated with legionella?
water on foreign holiday GI upset urine antigen testing
36
what is associated with mycoplasma pneumonia?
dry cough young people normal CXR
37
what is associated with klebsiella pneumonia?
rec currant jelly sputum | COPD/alcoholics/elderly
38
what is associated with pneumocystis carinni pneumonia?
HIV AIDS immunosuppressed
39
what is associated with strep pneumonia?
rusty sputum
40
what are the common causes of pneumonia in CF patients?
staph aureus | pseudomonas aeruginosa
41
what is associated with H. influenza?
COPD alcoholics elderly
42
what is associated with bordetella pertussis?
whooping cough | bronchopneumonia
43
what is associated with pseudomonas aeruginosa?
``` CF UTI GI Burns Scars Gram -ve bacillus ```
44
what are the signs of whooping cough?
high pitched gasp on inspiration following fit of coughing | similar symptoms to cold
45
what is bronchopneumonia?
pneumonia arising from the bronchi/bronchioles
46
stony dull percussion?
pleural effusion
47
Kerly B lines on CXR?
heart failure
48
Tram line shadowing?
bronchiectasis
49
Miliary shadowing?
Miliary TB
50
Wedge-shaped infarct?
PE
51
ground glass appearance?
fibrosis
52
honeycomb appearance?
fibrosis (late)
53
pleural mass with lobulated margin?
mesothelioma
54
signs of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency extrinsic allergic alveolitis?
early onset emphysema plus liver disease | fever, cough, SOB hours after exposure to antigen (often farmer after hay exposure)
55
signs of CF?
recurrent chest infections failure to thrive possible steatorrhoea (pancreatic insufficiency) Positive sweat test (NaCl >60)
56
signs of fibrosing alveolitis?
progressive dyspnoea and cyanosis clubbing fine end-inspiratory crackles CXR = ground glass > honeycombing
57
signs of a lung abscess?
swinging fever copious foul smelling sputum persistent worsening pneumonia
58
cavitating lung(s)?
staph/klebsiella infection
59
rifampicin side effects?
hepatitis orange secretions deranged LFTs
60
isoniazid side effects?
hepatitis | peripheral neuropathy
61
Pyrazinamide side effects?
hepatitis | gout
62
ethambutamol side effects?
pain | colour blindness > blindness
63
which cancer gives off mucin?
adenocarcinoma
64
which cancer gives off ectopic hormone?
``` PTH = squamous ACTH = small cell ```
65
which investigation is used to look for bone metastases?
radionuclide bone scan
66
name a contra-indication for V/Q scan
pregnancy
67
what is the treatment for a large PE?
thrombolysis
68
what is the treatment for a small PE?
LMWH
69
what are the common characteristics of someone with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency?
young non-smoker possible liver damage lung disease (COPD)
70
what is caplan's syndrome?
combination of rheumatoid arthritis and pneumoconiosis | manifests in intrapulmonary nodules which are well defined on CXR
71
what is samter's triad?
asthma aspirin sensitivity nasal polyps (aspirin induced asthma)
72
what does the location of the emphysema tell you about the cause?
``` centriacinar = smoking panacinar = A1AT deficiency ```
73
pink puffer? | blue bloater?
pink puffer = emphysema | blue bloater = bronchitis
74
what is the commonest cause of bronchiolitis?
RSV
75
where is the middle lobe auscultated?
between right ribs 4 and 6
76
where are the oblique and horizontal fissures?
``` oblique = rib 6 horizontal = rib 4 ```
77
what lies in the anterior intercostal spaces?
internal thoracic artery/vein
78
what lies in the posterior intercostal space?
thoracic aorta/azygous vein

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