CVS 6 - Congenital Heart Disease Flashcards Preview

CJ: UoL Medicine Semester Two (ESA2) > CVS 6 - Congenital Heart Disease > Flashcards

Flashcards in CVS 6 - Congenital Heart Disease Deck (19)
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1
Q

What does aetiology mean?

A

The causation of a disease or condition

2
Q

Give some causes of congenital heart disease

A
  • GENETIC (Down’s, Turner’s, Marfan’s)
  • ENVIRONMENTAL (teratogenicity from drugs, alcohol etc)
  • MATERNAL INFECTIONS (Rubella, Toxoplasmosis etc)
3
Q

What is the percentage O2 saturation in the right side of the heart?

A

60%

4
Q

What is the percentage O2 saturation in the left side of the heart?

A

99%

5
Q

What are the two classifications of congenital heart disease?

A

Cyanotic and acyanotic

6
Q

Give some examples of acyanotic defects

A

Aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, mitral stenosis

7
Q

Give some examples of cyanotic defects

A
  • tetralogy of Fallot
  • transposition of the great arteries
  • total anomalous pulmonary veinous drainage
  • univentricular heart
8
Q

What are the haemodynamic effects of atrial septal defects?

A
  • increased pulmonary blood flow
  • right ventricle volume overload
  • pulmonary hypertension (rare)
  • eventual right heart failure
9
Q

What are the haemodynamic effects of ventricular septal defects?

A
  • left to right shunt
  • right ventricle volume overload
  • pulmonary venous congestion
  • eventual pulmonary hypertension
10
Q

What is coarctation?

A

Congenital narrowing of a short section of the aorta

11
Q

What is tricuspid atresia?

A

This occurs when there is no right ventricle inlet, so there is a right to left atrial shunt of the entire venous return. Blood flow to lungs flows via a ventricular septal defect.

12
Q

What is hypoplastic left heart?

A

The left ventricle is underdeveloped, and the ascending aorta is very small. The right ventricle supports the systemic circulation. There is an obligatory left to right shunt.

13
Q

What is transposition of the great arteries?

A

This occurs when the right ventricle is connected to the aorta, and the left ventricle is connected to the pulmonary artery. This is not viable unless the two circuits communicate via shunts.

14
Q

What is a univentricular heart?

A

Occurs when the ventricular septum does not form properly and leads to there being one large ventricle instead of two

15
Q

What is pulmonary atresia?

A

Heart with no right ventricular outlet, so there is a right to left atrial shunt of entire venous return. Blood flows to lungs via PDA

16
Q

What are the symptoms of atrial septal defects and when do they occur?

A

Usually asymptomatic late into adulthood. Late onset arrhythmia and right heart failure

17
Q

What are the symptoms of ventricular septum defects and when do they occur?

A

Usually present in infancy with left heart failure. If left untreated, can lead to inoperable pulmonary hypertension

18
Q

What are the symptoms of coarctation?

A

Adult variety has renal hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and often aortic valve stenosis

19
Q

What are the symptoms of tetralogy of Fallot and when do they occur?

A

Present in infancy or early childhood with cyanotic spells. Only mild cases make it to adulthood.

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