Flashcards in Pathology - Haemostasis Deck (40)
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31
Give some examples of congenital problems with blood vessels
- Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia
- connective tissue disorders eg. Ehlers-Danlos
32
Give some examples of acquired problems with vessels
- senile purpura
- steroids
- infection, eg. measles or meningococcal infection
- scurvy
33
What is immune thrombocytopenic purpura?
- Most common cause of immune destruction of platelets
- antibodies are formed against the body's own platelets
- can be secondary to autoimmune disorders
- treated with immunosuppression
- platelets transfusions do not work as the transfused platelets are destroyed too
34
Give some caused of reduced production of platelets
- B12/folate deficiency (failure of the building blocks)
- infiltration of bone marrow by cancer cells or fibrosis
- drugs eg. Chemotherapy, antibiotics
- viruses eg. HIV, infective hepatitis, EBV, CMV
35
What is thrombocytopenia?
Low platelet count
36
Give some consequences of severe thrombocytopenia
- easy bruising
- petechiae, purpura
- mucosal bleeding
- severe bleeding after trauma
- intracranial haemorrhage
37
Which is more common, hereditary or acquired disorders of platelet function?
Acquired is very common while hereditary is extremely rare
38
Give some causes of acquired disorders of platelet function
- aspirin/NSAIDs/clopidogrel
- uraemia
- hyper gammaglobulinaemia, eg. myeloma
- myeloproliferative disorders
39
What is disseminated intravascular coagulopathy?
- type of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
- pathological activation of coagulation leads to formation of numerous microthrombi in the circulation
- platelets and clotting factors are used up and haemolytic anaemia develops
40
